Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Temporal Waveforms for Deep-Water Interface Reverberation

Interface reverberation in deep water significantly impacts the performance of active sonar systems. Numerical simulation of the temporal waveforms of interface reverberation serves as a critical foundation for the design and performance evaluation of active sonars. This paper proposes a simulation method for the temporal waveforms of interface reverberation in deep water. The method first discretizes the interface scattering region into a grid of scattering elements. Then, using ray theory, it calculates the temporal reverberation at the receiver generated by each scattering element. The contributions from all scattering elements are subsequently summed to obtain the final reverberation waveform. The temporal waveforms of interface reverberation are simulated, and their statistical characteristics are analyzed. The model is then validated against experimentally measured reverberation data. The results indicate that the statistical characteristics of the simulated reverberation waveforms align well with theoretical predictions, and the temporal structures of the matched-filtering outputs—derived from both the experimental data and the simulated signals—are in good agreement, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed model.