Abstract: In order to detect interlayer debonding of surface ceramic tiles, a finite element model of the interlayer debonding of surface ceramic tiles is established. Based on the analysis of the effects of steel ball radius, excitation velocity and signal acquisition position on detection result, the optimal parameter values are determined. Then, the debonding degree of surface ceramic tile bonding layer can be evaluated with the characteristic recognition parameters. The full-scale experiments are carried out to verify the validity of the finite element model. The results show that: the steel ball radius is recommended to be 9 mm, the excitation velocity is 1 m·s^-1, the horizontal distance between the signal acquisition point and the excitation point should be more than 60 mm, and the vertical distance is 5 mm, so that the impact echo signal caused by debonding will be enhanced. Accordingly, the fluctuation of the signal in the time domain increase and its attenuation slows down; the sound pressure levels of the signal in the frequency domain increases, and the main frequency band shifts forward and splits into two frequency bands, which represents the overall vibration and local vibration of the structure respectively. Also, with the increase of debonding degree, the frequency domain area increases. The debonding condition of wall tile bonding layer can be effectively evaluated by calculating the frequency domain area. The results of this research could provide a reference for the non-destructive testing of wall tiles.