Abstract: he air acoustic insulation performance of the wall has a decisive influence on the comfort degree of indoor acoustic environment. How to optimize the sound insulation performances of common wall structures is an important work in the design of indoor acoustic environment for high-quality buildings. The air sound insulation performance of common wall in different frequency bands is studied by field test method and COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5 simulation in this paper. The results show that the variation trend of sound insulation performance of the wall conforms to the mass law analysis of the wall. The sound insulation variation of the wall has a good linear relationship with its thickness and surface density, and the weighted sound insulation of the wall increases with the increases of its thickness and surface density. Blind increase of thickness is not a way to optimize the sound insulation performance of the wall, which should be optimized according to the characteristics of the structure of the wall and the noise frequency. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 1-2 dB, when 0.3% polypropylene fiber and 0.5% polyurethane sound absorbing material are added in the concrete wall. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 4 dB, when 31.5 kg·m^-3 rock wool is filled into the holes of porous brick or block. The weighted apparent sound insulation of the wall can be improved by 2-3 dB, when the mass per unit length of the light steel keel is increased from 0.82 kg·m^-1 to 1.23 kg·m^-1, and the thickness of the plasterboard is increased from 12 mm to 15 mm.