Abstract: The detection of the transient signals of anti-submarine weapons into the water, such as air-dropped buoys and torpedoes, is the key to underwater acoustic countermeasures. In this paper, four commonly used statistical detection methods for the transient signals are introduced and their detection effects through Monte Carlo simulation and lake trial data processing are compared, also their respective characteristics are analyzed. This study provides a good reference for specific engineering application of underwater acoustic transient signal detection.