Abstract: To address the issues of miniaturization, low power consumption, and high signal-to-noise ratio in the receiving electronic systems of underwater unmanned equipment, this paper investigates key technologies such as multi-channel acquisition technology and FPGA technology. By reducing the equivalent input noise of the ADC, the dynamic range of the received signal is improved. The parallel computing advantage and flexible configurability of FPGA reduce the number of boards, thereby lowering system complexity. An improved design was applied to the original synthetic aperture sonar underwater electronic receiving system. The improved underwater receiving electronic system has reduced its volume by 55%, weight by 53%, and power consumption by 61%. Furthermore, due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio, it can operate at a greater distance.